The NCA Anti-Bullying Project strives to foster collaborations between Communication scholars and other stakeholders (such as policy makers, educators, the media, and the general public) in anti–social aggression efforts. This digital repository provides access to the valuable work that Communication scholars have already done to help others understand and stop social aggression. Intellectually, empirically, and pragmatically, the work of Communication scholars in interpersonal communication, group communication, organizational communication, nonverbal communication, family communication, rhetoric, performance, health communication, etc. contributes rich insights and resources to broader conversations on the complex and multi-faceted issue of bullying.
A glare. An insult. The silent treatment. Bullying manifests itself in varied forms, but one underlying common denominator is communication. All actions (each glare, each insult, each failure to acknowledge someone in the hallway) communicate volumes, and Communication scholars bring valuable expertise and insights to conversations about this topic. In this portion of NCA’s Anti-Bullying Digital Repository, Communication scholars contribute theoretically grounded, data-driven input to discussions about bullying, especially regarding how bullying gets socially constructed as acceptable (or not) and how participants can respond and reclaim agency and identities.
Resources
- Dillon, K. P. (2015). I’ll Stand by You: Glee characters’ multiple identities and bystander intervention on bullying. In B. Johnson & D. Faill (Eds.), Glee and New Directions for Social Change (pp. 41-60). Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Sense.
- Freeberg, Debra L. (2015). The Bully Prevention Primer
- Mills, C. B., & Carwile, A. M. (2009). The good, the bad, and the borderline: Separating teasing from bullying. Communication Education, 58, 276-301.
- Striley, K. M. (2016). Unlimited: Ostracism’s Potential to Awaken Us to Possibility and Mystery. In E. Gilchrist-Petty & S. Long (Eds.), Contexts of the Dark Side of Communication. Peter Lang.
- West, Richard, and Beck, Christina S. (Eds.) (2018). The Routledge Handbook of Communication and Bullying. Routledge.
- Yang, Grace S., & McLoyd, Vonnie C. (2015). Do Parenting and Family Characteristics Moderate the Relation between Peer Victimization and Antisocial Behavior? A 5-year Longitudinal Study. Social Development, 24, 748-765.
Although the word “bullying” might prompt images of schoolchildren, selected works in this portion of our digital resource explore the serious (and often silenced) incidence of social aggression in workplace settings. The research articles in this section reveal the communicative implications of workplace bullying, as well as Communication-based insights for tackling such bullying and empowering employees to stand up against practices that hinder equitable, just, and respectful interaction and dialogue among all organizational members. Informed by diverse research traditions, these articles highlight the wealth of contributions that Communication scholars can offer through their practical and beneficial research and recommendations on bullying in workplace settings.
Resources
- Cowan, R. (2009). “Rocking the boat” and “continuing to fight”: Un/productive justice episodes and the problem of workplace bullying. Human Communication, 12, pp. 283-302.
- Cowan, R. (2011). “Yes, we have an anti-bullying policy, but ...: HR professionals' understandings and experiences with workplace bullying policy.” Communication Studies, 62, 307-327.
- Cowan, R. L., & Fox, S. (2015),"Being pushed and pulled: a model of US HR professionals’ roles in bullying situations." Personnel Review, 44, 119 – 139.
- Cowan, R. L. (2013). “**it Rolls downhill” and other attributions for why adult bullying happens in organizations from the human resource professional's perspective. Qualitative Research Reports in Communication, 14, 97-104.
- Cowan, R. L. (2012). It’s complicated: Defining workplace bullying from the human resource professional’s perspective. Management Communication Quarterly, 26, 377-403.
- Fox, S., & Cowan, R. (2015). Revision of the workplace bullying checklist: The importance of human resource management’s role in defining and addressing workplace bullying. Human Resource Management Journal, 25, 116-130.
- Keashly, L. (2012). Workplace bullying: The case of teen workers. International Journal of Adolescent Medical Health, 24, 49-56.
- Keashly, L. When Debate, Discourse, and Exchange Go Bad: Bullying in the Academic Workplace. Spectra, 51 (3), 23-28.
- Keashly, L., & Neuman, J. H. (2012). Bullying in higher education: What current research, theorizing, and practice tell us. In J. Lester (Ed.), Workplace bullying in higher education (pp. 1-22). New York: Routledge.
- Keashly, L., & Neuman, J. H. (2010). Faculty Experiences with Bullying in Higher Education: Causes, Consequences, and Management. Administrative Theory & Praxis, 32, 48-70.
- Lutgen-Sandvik, P., & Tracy, S. (2012). Answering five key questions about workplace bullying: How communication scholarship provides thought leadership for transforming abuse at work. Management Communication Quarterly, 26, 3-47.
- Lutgen-Sandvik, P. (2003).The communicative cycle of employee emotional abuse: Generation and regeneration of workplace mistreatment. Management Communication Quarterly, 16, 471-501.
- Lutgen-Sandvik, P. (2006). Take this job and ...: Quitting and other forms of resistance to workplace bullying. Communication Monographs, 73, 406-433.
- Lutgen-Sandvik, P., Tracy, S. J., & Alberts, J. K. (2007). Burned by bullying in the American workplace: Prevalence, perception, degree and impact. Journal of Management Studies, 44, 837-862.
- Lutgen-Sandvik, P., & Fletcher, C. (February, 2013). Nasty piece of work: Goals and communicative actions of parties in workplace bullying conflicts. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Western States Communication Association, Reno, NV.
- Lutgen-Sandvik, P., & McDermott, V. (2008). The constitution of employee-abusive organizations: A communication flows theory. Communication Theory, 18, 304-333.
- Lutgen-Sandvik, P., & McDermott, V. (2011). Making sense of supervisory bullying: Perceived powerlessness, empowered possibilities. Southern Communication Journal, 76, 342-368.
- Namie, G., & Lutgen-Sandvik, P. E., (2010). Active and passive accomplices: The communal character of workplace bullying. International Journal of Communication, 4, 343-373.
- Theiss, S. L., Webb, L. M., & Amason, P. (2012). Workplace bullying: Academic administrators’ intervention strategies. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Western States Communication Association, Albuquerque, NM.
- Tracy, S. J., Lutgen-Sandvik, P., & Alberts, J. K. (2006). Nightmares, demons, and slaves: Exploring the painful metaphors of workplace bullying. Management Communication Quarterly, 20, 148-185.
- Tye-Williams, S., & Krone, K. J. (2014). Chaos, reports, and quests: Narrative agency and co- workers in stories of workplace bullying. Management Communication Quarterly, 1-25.
- West, Richard, and Beck, Christina S. (Eds.) (2018). The Routledge Handbook of Communication and Bullying. Routledge.
From anonymous texts public shaming and negative comments on social media, online communication can result in devastating consequences for targets. In this section of NCA’s Anti-Bullying Digital Repository, we offer theoretically and empirically based research that describes cyberbullying problems and encourages awareness and activism. The Internet and social media, coupled with its global yet interpersonal nature, afford a plethora of opportunities for impacting attitudes and actions, especially through the disturbing trend of cyberbullying. Communication scholars bring invaluable perspectives and research to conversations about this important issue.
Resources
- Milosevic, T. (2015). Cyberbullying in US Mainstream Media. Journal of Children and Media, 9:4, 492-509.
- Goodboy, A. K., & Martin, M. M. (2015). The personality profile of a cyberbully: Examining the Dark Triad. Computers in Human Behavior, 49, 1-4.
- Maryville University Online. What Is Cyberbullying? An Overview for Students, Parents, and Teachers.
- West, Richard, and Beck, Christina S. (Eds.) (2018). The Routledge Handbook of Communication and Bullying. Routledge.
Simon and Garfunkel once sang about “The Sound of Silence.” For individuals who experience varying forms of social aggression, bystanders contribute to the haunting echoes of inaction, communicating a lack of concern about (and perhaps even silent support for) the behaviors of bullies. Works in this section of NCA’s Anti-Bullying Project Digital Resource highlight the consequentiality of communication (or lack thereof) with regard to individuals who observe social aggression but fail to intervene, including possible strategies for inspiring and empowering bystanders to make a positive difference through the courage of communicating.
Resources
- American Sociological Association (2018). Bystander Intervention for Sexual Harassment: A Training for Scholarly Society Members.
- Brody, N. P. (2013). Bystander Intervention in Cyberbullying. Doctoral dissertation, University of Texas at Austin.
- Dillon, K. P., & Bushman, B. J. (2015). Unresponsive or un-noticed?: Cyberbystander intervention in an experimental cyberbullying context. Computers in Human Behavior, 45, 144-150.
- Dillon, K. P. (2014). The unresponsive cyberbystander: A proposed cyberbystander intervention model of the mediated social forces inhibiting intervention online. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the National Communication Association, Chicago, IL.
- Bowers, J. (2014). Understanding bystander behavior in cyberbullying encounters: An application of bystander apathy theory. Master’s thesis, Gonzaga University.
Contributions to this Social Aggression, Harassment, and Stalking section underscore each of these activities as implicitly communicative. By engaging in these activities, individuals communicate volumes about their perceptions of themselves and others. Scholarly work can help us understand and prevent these behaviors.
Resources
- Spitzberg, B. H., & Cupach, W. R. (2014). The dark side of relationship pursuit: From attraction to obsession and stalking (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Routledge.
Social aggression constitutes a multi-faceted, complicated set of issues, but communication certainly lies at the heart of how individuals bully and respond to bullying, as well as how bullying is constructed as a societal problem that merits education and enlightenment. In this portion of the website, we offer examples of pedagogical resources that address various forms of bullying and related issues.
Resources
- Bailey, G.— Anti-bullying assignments
- Alan K. Goodboy & Matthew M. Martin: Syllabus for course on bullying
Although the NCA Anti-Bullying Digital Repository features work by Communication scholars, we also include these additional websites and videos as a means of sparking dialogue between Communication scholars and other agencies and stakeholders. Moreover, we believe that these resources could be valuable to members of the Communication discipline as they teach courses and situate their work on this topic in light of broader conversations about anti-bullying efforts.
Resources
- Ahmed, R. (n.d.). Some Canadian Initiatives (government and private sector)
- Anti-Defamation League
- ENABLE
Resources
- NCA Anti-Bullying Preconference Research Ideas
- NCA Anti-Bullying Preconference Action Items
- NCA Anti-Bullying Preconference: Delineating the Dark Side of Bullying, Brian H. Spitzberg
- NCA Anti-Bullying Short Course: Integrating Classroomm Bullying into Instructional Practice, Sally Vogl-Bauer and Cathy Gillotti