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To Become an American: Immigrants and Americanization Campaigns of the Early Twentieth Century

article resource:
NCA Bookshelf

Leslie A. HahnerMichigan State University Press, 2017

Pledging allegiance, singing the u201cStar-Spangled Banner,u201d wearing a flag pinu2014these are all markers of modern patriotism, emblems that announce the devotion of American citizens. Most of these nationalistic performances were formulized during the early twentieth century and driven to new heights by the panic surrounding national identity during World War I. In To Become an American Leslie A. Hahner argues that, in part, the Americanization movement engendered the transformation of patriotism during this period. Americanization was a massive campaign designed to fashion immigrants into perfect Americansu2014those who were loyal in word, deed, and heart. The larger outcome of this widespread movement was a dramatic shift in the nationu2019s understanding of Americanism. Employing a rhetorical lens to analyze the visual and aesthetic practices of Americanization, Hahner contends that Americanization not only tutored students in the practices of citizenship but also created a normative visual metric that modified how Americans would come to understand, interpret, and judge their own patriotism and that of others.